Ukuqonda iiPolyps zeSisu: Isishwankathelo seMpilo yoKutya

2. Iintlobo zeePolyps zeSisu

Iindidi ezininzi zeepolyps zinokwakheka kwindlela yokugaya ukutya, nganye ineempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo kunye nemingcipheko yomhlaza:

• Iipolyps ze-Adenomatous (ii-Adenomas): Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeepolyps ezifumaneka kumathumbu amakhulu kwaye zinokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal. Ii-Adenomas zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ze-tubular, villous, okanye tubulovillous, apho ii-villous adenomas zinomngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza.

• Iipolyps ezixineneyo: Ngokubanzi zincinci kwaye zifumaneka kakhulu kumathumbu amakhulu, ezi polyps zinomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, iipolyps ezinkulu ezixineneyo, ingakumbi kwicala lasekunene lekoloni, zinokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo kancinci.

• Iipolyps Ezivuthayo: Zidla ngokubonakala kubantu abanesifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD), esifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis, iipolyps ezivuthayo zihlala zingenabungozi kodwa zinokubonisa ukudumba okuhlala ixesha elide kumathumbu amakhulu.

• Iipolyps zeHamartomatous: Ezi polyps azixhaphakanga kangako kwaye zinokwenzeka njengenxalenye ye-genetic syndromes efana nePeutz-Jeghers syndrome. Nangona zihlala zingenabungozi, ngamanye amaxesha zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.

• Iipolyps zeFundic Gland: Ezi polyps zifumaneka esiswini, zihlala zincinci kwaye zingenabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abasebenzisa ii-proton pump inhibitors (ii-PPIs) ixesha elide, ukwanda kweepolyps zeFundic Gland kunokwenzeka, nangona umngcipheko womhlaza uhlala uphantsi.

3. Izizathu kunye Nezinto Ezinobungozi

Isizathu esichanekileyo se-GI polyps asisoloko sicacile, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokunyusa amathuba okuba zikhule:

• I-Genetics: Imbali yosapho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwee-polyps. Iimeko ze-genetic ezifana ne-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) kunye ne-Lynch syndrome zandisa umngcipheko wee-polyps ze-colorectal kunye nomhlaza xa usemncinci.

• Ubudala: Iipolyps zibonakala kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kwaye umngcipheko we-adenomatous polyps kunye nomhlaza we-colorectal uyanda njengoko iminyaka ikhula.

• Izinto Ezichaphazela Indlela Yokuphila: Ukutya okunenyama ebomvu okanye eyosiweyo, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukutshaya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo konke oku kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokwanda kokwakheka kwe-polyp.

• Iimeko zokudumba: Ukudumba okungapheliyo kwendlela yokugaya ukutya, okuhlala kubonakala kwiimeko ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-ulcerative colitis, kunokubangela ukuba kubekho ii-polyps.

• Ukusetyenziswa Kwamayeza: Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile, anjengeziyobisi ezichasene nokuvuvukala ezingezizo ii-steroidal (NSAIDs) kunye nee-PPI, kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zee-polyps.

4. Iimpawu zePolyps zeSisu

Uninzi lwee-polyps, ingakumbi ezincinci, azinazimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ii-polyps ezinkulu okanye ii-polyps kwiindawo ezithile zinokubangela iimpawu, kuquka:

• Ukopha emqolo: Igazi elikwindle linokubangelwa ziipolyps ezikwikholoni okanye kwirectum.

• Utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu: Iipolyps ezinkulu zinokubangela ukuqhina, urhudo, okanye ukuziva ngathi awukafumani thuba lokuphuma emzimbeni.

• Intlungu okanye Ukungakhululeki Kwesisu: Nangona kungaqhelekanga, ezinye iipolyps zinokubangela iintlungu zesisu ezingephi ukuya kweziphakathi ukuba zithintela inxalenye yendlela yokugaya ukutya.

• I-Anemia: Iipolyps eziphuma kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha zinokubangela i-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudinweni nasekubuthathaka.

Ekubeni iimpawu zihlala zingacacanga okanye zingabikho, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, ingakumbi kwiipolyps ze-colorectal, kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe kwangethuba.

5. Ukuxilongwa kweePolyps zeSisu

Izixhobo ezininzi zokuxilonga kunye neenkqubo zinokubona ii-polyps ze-GI, ngakumbi kumathumbu amakhulu kunye nesisu:

• I-Colonoscopy: I-colonoscopy yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufumanisa nokususa ii-polyps kumathumbu amakhulu. Ivumela ukubonakala ngokuthe ngqo kolwelo lwamathumbu amakhulu kunye ne-rectum, kwaye naziphi na ii-polyps ezifunyenweyo zihlala zisuswa ngexesha lenkqubo.

• I-Upper Endoscopy: Kwii-polyps esiswini okanye kwindlela ephezulu ye-GI, kwenziwa i-upper endoscopy. Ityhubhu eguquguqukayo enekhamera ifakwa ngomlomo ukuze kubonwe umphimbo, isisu, kunye ne-duodenum.

• I-Sigmoidoscopy: Le nkqubo ihlola inxalenye esezantsi yekholoni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sigmoid colon. Ingabona ii-polyps kwi-rectum nakwikholoni esezantsi kodwa ayifikeleli kwikholoni ephezulu.

• Uvavanyo lweSitulo: Uvavanyo oluthile lweSitulo lunokufumanisa imikhondo yegazi okanye iimpawu ze-DNA ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nee-polyps okanye umhlaza we-colorectal.

• Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: I-CT colonography (i-virtual colonoscopy) inokwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zekholoni kunye ne-rectum. Nangona ingavumeli ukususwa kwee-polyps ngoko nangoko, inokuba lukhetho olungenakungenelela.

6. Unyango kunye noLawulo

Unyango lwee-GI polyps luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwazo, ubungakanani, indawo, kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kwesifo somhlaza:

• I-Polypectomy: Le nkqubo lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lokususa ii-polyps ngexesha le-colonoscopy okanye i-endoscopy. Ii-polyps ezincinci zinokususwa kusetyenziswa i-snare okanye i-forceps, ngelixa ii-polyps ezinkulu zinokufuna iindlela eziphucukileyo.

• Ukususwa ngotyando: Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga apho iipolyps zinkulu kakhulu okanye zingenakususwa nge-endoscopically, utyando lunokufuneka. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kwiipolyps ezinxulumene ne-genetic syndromes.

• Ukubekwa esweni rhoqo: Kwizigulane ezinee-polyps ezininzi, imbali yosapho lwee-polyps, okanye iimeko ezithile zemfuza, kucetyiswa ukuba kulandelwe rhoqo ii-colonoscopy ukuze kuhlolwe ii-polyps ezintsha.