1. Uphawu lwe-Hepatojugular reflux
Xa ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo ekunene kubangela ukuxinana kwesibindi kunye nokudumba, isibindi sinokucinezelwa ngezandla ukwenza imithambo yejugular ivuleke ngakumbi. Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-ventricular kunye nokuxinana kwe-hepatitis.
2.Uphawu lukaCullen
Ikwabizwa ngokuba luphawu lwe-Coulomb, i-ecchymosis emsobo-blue eluswini olujikeleze inkaba okanye udonga lwesisu olusezantsi luphawu lokopha okukhulu kwangaphakathi kwesisu, okuxhaphake kakhulu ukopha kwe-retroperitoneal, i-acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis, ukugqabhuka kwe-aorta yesisu, njl.
3. Uphawu lweGrey-Turner
Xa isigulana sinesifo sokuqaqamba kwepancreatitis, incindi yepancreatic iphuphuma iye kwindawo engaphantsi kwesikhumba esinqeni nakwiflanki, kunyibilike amanqatha angaphantsi kwesikhumba, kwaye iicapillaries ziyagqabhuka kwaye zophe, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-ecchymosis ebluish-purple eluswini kwezi ndawo, ebizwa ngokuba yiGrey-Turner's. uphawu.
4.Uphawu lweCourvoisier
Xa umhlaza wentloko ye-pancreas ucinezela umbhobho wenyongo oqhelekileyo, okanye umhlaza wenxalenye ephakathi kunye nesezantsi yombhobho wenyongo ubangela umqobo, i-jaundice ecacileyo iyenzeka. I-gall bladder edumbileyo ene-cystic, engekho-tender, inomphezulu ogudileyo kwaye inokususwa iphathekayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Courvoisier's sign, ekwaziwa ngokuba luvalelo oluqhubekayo lombhobho wenyongo oqhelekileyo. irhafu.
5. Uphawu lokucaphuka kwePeritoneal
Ubukho obungaxeshanye bokuthamba, ukuthamba kwakhona kunye noxinzelelo lwezihlunu zesisu esiswini kubizwa ngokuba luphawu lokucaphuka kwe-peritoneal, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-peritonitis triad. Luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-peritonitis, ngakumbi indawo yesilonda sokuqala. Ikhosi yoxinzelelo lwemisipha yesisu ixhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nemeko yesigulane. Imeko eqhelekileyo iyahluka, kwaye ukwanda kwesisu kuphawu olubalulekileyo lwesimo esibi.
6.Uphawu lukaMurphy
Uphawu oluhle lwe-Murphy lolunye lweempawu ezibalulekileyo kuxilongo lweklinikhi lwe-cholecystitis ebukhali. Xa ubhampa indawo ye-gallbladder phantsi komda wexabiso lasekunene, i-gallbladder edumbileyo yachukunyiswa kwaye isigulane sacelwa ukuba siphefumle ngokunzulu. Inyongo edumbileyo nedumbileyo yehla. Isigulana saziva iintlungu ziqina kwaye ngokukhawuleza sabamba umoya waso.
7.Uphawu lukaMcburney
Ubumnene kunye ne-rebound tenderness kwindawo kaMcBurney kwi-right ezantsi kwesisu (i-junction ye-umbilicus kunye nombindi kunye nangaphandle kwe-1/3 ye-right anterior superior iliac spine) zixhaphake kwi-appendicitis enzima.
8.Umthathu kaCharcot
I-acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis idla ngokubonisa iintlungu zesisu, ukubanda, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nejaundice, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Chaco's triad.
I-1) Intlungu yesisu: Iyenzeka phantsi kwenkqubo ye-xiphoid kunye ne-quadrant ephezulu yasekunene, ngokuqhelekileyo i-colic, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-paroxysmal okanye intlungu eqhubekayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-paroxysms, enokuthi ikhuphe ehlombe lasekunene nangasemva, ihamba kunye ne-nausea kunye nokuhlanza. Idla ngokuqalisa emva kokutya ukutya okunamafutha.
2) Ukugodola kunye nomkhuhlane: Emva kokuphazamiseka kwe-bile duct, uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-bile duct luyanda, luhlala lukhokelela kusulelo lwesibini. I-bacteria kunye ne-toxins inokuphinda ibuyele egazini nge-capillary bile ducts kunye ne-hepatic sinusoids, ekhokelela kwi-biliary abscess, i-sepsis, i-septic shock, i-DIC, njl., ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakalisa njenge-dilatant fever, kunye nobushushu bomzimba obuphezulu ukuya kuma-39 ukuya kwi-40 °. C.
3) I-Jaundice: Emva kokuba amatye evale umbhobho wenyongo, izigulana zinokuvelisa umchamo omnyama omthubi kunye nebala elityheli eluswini kunye ne-sclera, kwaye ezinye izigulana zinokurhawuzelelwa ulusu.
9.Reynolds (Renault) iimpawu ezintlanu
Ukuvalelwa kwelitye akukhululekanga, ukudumba kuya kusiba mandundu, kwaye isigulana sikhula ngokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokothuka okusekwe kwitriad kaCharcot, ebizwa ngokuba yiRaynaud's pentalogy.
10. Uphawu lukaKehr
Igazi kwi-cavity yesisu livuselela i-diaphragm ekhohlo, ebangela intlungu yegxalaba lasekhohlo, eliqhelekileyo kwi-splenic rupture.
11. Uphawu lwe-Obturator (uvavanyo lwe-obturator internus muscle)
Isigulane sasisesigxina esiphezulu, kunye ne-hip kunye nethanga elichanekileyo kwaye emva koko lijikeleza ngaphakathi, libangela intlungu yesisu esisezantsi, esibonakala kwi-appendicitis (i-appendix isondele kwi-obturator internus muscle).
12. Uphawu lweRovsing (uvavanyo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ekholoni)
Isigulana sikwindawo yokulala, isandla sakhe sokunene sicinezela isisu esisezantsi esisekhohlo kunye nesandla sasekhohlo sicinezela ikholoni ejikelezayo, ebangela intlungu kwisigxina esisezantsi, esibonakala kwi-appendicitis.
13.I-X-ray uphawu lokucaphukisa i-barium
I-Barium ibonisa iimpawu zokucaphuka kwinqanaba le-intestinal yesifo, ngokukhawuleza ukukhupha kunye nokuzaliswa kakubi, ngelixa ukuzaliswa kulungile kumacandelo aphezulu nangaphantsi kwamathumbu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-X-ray barium irritation sign, exhaphakileyo kwizigulane ezine-ulcerative tuberculosis. .
14. Uphawu oluphindwe kabini lwehalo/uphawu ekujoliswe kulo
Kwinqanaba elisebenzayo lesifo sikaCrohn, i-CT enterography ephuculweyo (CTE) ibonisa ukuba udonga lwamathumbu luqiniswe kakhulu, i-mucosa yamathumbu iphuculwe kakhulu, inxalenye yodonga lwamathumbu i-stratified, kunye nendandatho yangaphakathi ye-mucosal kunye neserosa yangaphandle. iphuculwe, ibonisa ihalo kabini. uphawu okanye uphawu ekujoliswe kulo.
15. Uphawu lwekama lomthi
Kwinqanaba elisebenzayo lesifo sikaCrohn, i-CT enterography (CTE) ibonisa ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi ye-mesenteric, ngokuhambelanayo nokwanda kwe-mesenteric fat density and blurring, kunye nokwandiswa kwe-lymph node ye-mesenteric, ebonisa "uphawu lwekama lomthi".
16. I-Enterogenic azotemia
Emva kokopha okukhulu kwindlela ephezulu yesisu, iimveliso zokugaya iiprotheni zegazi zifakwe emathunjini, kwaye ukuxinwa kwe-urea nitrogen egazini kunokunyuka okwethutyana, okubizwa ngokuba yi-enterogenic azotemia.
17.Isifo seMallory-Weiss
Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi ephambili kwesi sifo kukunyuka ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwe-intra-abdominal ngenxa yesicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye nezinye izizathu, ezibangela ukukrazula kwe-longitudinal ye-mucosa kunye ne-submucosa ye-distal cardiac cardia kunye ne-esophagus, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukopha kwe-gastrointestinal. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-Acute hematemesis ngokukhawuleza, ezilandelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukugabha, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-esophageal kunye ne-cardia mucosal tear syndrome.
18. I-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (i-gastrinoma, i-Zollinger-66Ellison syndrome)
Luhlobo lwe-tumor ye-gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine ebonakaliswe ngezilonda ezininzi, iindawo ezingabonakaliyo, ukuchaphazeleka kweengxaki zezilonda, kunye nokuphendula kakubi kwiziyobisi ezichasayo eziqhelekileyo. Uhudo, ukukhuselwa kwe-asidi ephezulu yesisu, kunye namanqanaba aphezulu egazi le-gastrin kungenzeka. phezulu.
I-Gastrinomas idla ngokuba yincinci, kwaye malunga ne-80% ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwenxantathu ye-"gastrinoma" (oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa kwe-gallbladder kunye ne-common bile duct, inxalenye yesibini neyesithathu ye-duodenum, kunye nentamo kunye nomzimba we-pancreas). Ngaphakathi konxantathu owenziwe yi-junction), ngaphezu kwe-50% ye-gastrinomas inobungozi, kwaye ezinye izigulane ziye zafumana i-metastasized xa zifunyenwe.
19. I-Dumping syndrome
Emva kwe-subtotal gastrectomy, ngenxa yokulahleka komsebenzi wokulawula we-pylorus, iziqulatho zesisu zikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela kuthotho lweempawu zekliniki ezibizwa ngokuba yi-dumping syndrome, exhaphake kakhulu kwi-PII anastomosis. Ngokwexesha apho iimpawu zivela emva kokutya, zihlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ekuqaleni nasemva kwexesha.
●I-Early dumping syndrome: Iimpawu ze-hypovolemia yokwexeshana njengokubetha kwentliziyo, ukubila okubandayo, ukudinwa, nebala eliluthuthu zibonakala kwisiqingatha seyure emva kokutya. Kukhatshwa sisicefecefe kunye nokuhlanza, ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu, kunye norhudo.
● Late dumping syndrome: kwenzeka kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokutya. Ezona mpawu ziphambili sisiyezi, ibala eliluthuthu, ukubila okubandayo, ukudinwa, nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubo kukuba emva kokuba ukutya kungena emathunjini, ivuselela inani elikhulu le-insulin secretion, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-hypoglycemia esebenzayo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia syndrome.
20. I-Absorptive dystrophy syndrome
I-syndrome yeklinikhi apho izondlo zinqongopheleyo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamathumbu amancinci ekugayeni kunye nokufunxa izondlo, okubangela ukuba izondlo zingakwazi ukuxutywa ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zikhutshwe emanzini. Ngokweklinikhi, ihlala ibonakalisa njengorhudo, ubhityile, unzima, unamafutha kunye nezinye iimpawu zokufunxa amanqatha, ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-steatorrhea.
I-21.PJ syndrome (i-pigmented polyposis syndrome, i-PJS)
Sisifo esinqabileyo se-autosomal dominant tumor syndrome esibonakaliswa lusu kunye ne-mucosal pigmentation, i-polyps ezininzi ze-hamartoma kwi-gastrointestinal tract, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwethumba.
I-PJS yenzeka ukususela ebuntwaneni. Njengoko izigulana zikhula, i-polyps yesisu ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye iyanda, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, ezinje nge-intussusception, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ukopha kwesisu, umhlaza, ukungondleki, kunye nokudodobala kophuhliso lwabantwana.
22. I-Abdominal compartment syndrome
Uxinzelelo lwe-intra-esiswini lomntu oqhelekileyo lusondele kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, i-5 ukuya kwi-7 mmHg.
Uxinzelelo lwe-intra-abdominal ≥12 mmHg yi-intra-abdominal hypertension, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-intra-abdominal ≥20 mmHg ehamba kunye nokungaphumeleli kwamalungu anxulumene ne-intra-abdominal hypertension is abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
Izibonakaliso zeklinikhi: Isigulana sinokuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nesantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo. Ukuxhatshazwa kwesisu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokuhamba kunye nentlungu yesisu, izandi zesisu zibuthathaka okanye zinyamalale, njl njl. I-Hypercapnia (PaCO?> 50 mmHg) kunye ne-oliguria (imveliso yomchamo ngeyure <0.5 mL / kg) inokuvela kwinqanaba lokuqala le-ACS. I-Anuria, i-azotemia, ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula kunye ne-syndrome ephantsi ye-cardiac output ivela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
23. I-syndrome ephezulu ye-mesenteric artery syndrome
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-benign duodenal stasis kunye ne-duodenal stasis, uthotho lweempawu ezibangelwa yindawo engaqhelekanga ye-mesenteric artery ephezulu ecinezela icandelo elithe tye le-duodenum, okukhokelela ekuthinteleni inxalenye okanye epheleleyo ye-duodenum.
Ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abadala be-asthenic. Ukuqunjelwa, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha zixhaphakile. Uphawu olubalaseleyo lwesi sifo kukuba iimpawu zihambelana nesimo somzimba. Xa i-supine position isetyenziswe, iimpawu zokuxinzelela zigqithiswa, ngelixa xa indawo edibeneyo, i-knee-chest position, okanye indawo yecala lekhohlo, iimpawu zinokukhululeka. .
24. I-Blind loop syndrome
I-syndrome ye-diarrhea, i-anemia, i-malabsorption kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibangelwa ukumisa kwamathumbu amancinci kunye nokugqithisa kwebhaktheriya kwi-lumen yamathumbu. Ibonakala ikakhulu xa kwakheka iiluphu ezingaboniyo okanye iingxowa ezingaboniyo (okt izirhintyela zamathumbu) emva kwe-gastrectomy kunye ne-anastomosis yesisu. Kwaye kubangelwa yi-stasis.
25. Isifo samathumbu esifutshane
Kuthetha ukuba emva kokukhutshwa kwamathumbu amancinci okanye ukukhutshwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, indawo esebenzayo yokufunxa amathumbu iyancipha kakhulu, kwaye amathumbu asele asebenzayo akakwazi ukugcina isondlo sesigulana okanye iimfuno zokukhula komntwana, kunye neempawu. ezifana nesifo sorhudo, i-asidi-base / amanzi / ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte, kunye ne-syndromes elawulwa ziziphazamiso zokufunxa kunye ne-metabolism yezondlo ezahlukeneyo.
26. I-Hepatorenal syndrome
Iimpawu eziphambili zeklinikhi ziyi-oliguria, i-anuria kunye ne-azotemia.
Izintso zesigulana zazingenazo zilonda zininzi. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olunzima lwe-portal hypertension kunye ne-splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, ukuhamba kwegazi okucwangcisiweyo kuye kwancitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ze-vasodilator ezifana ne-prostaglandins, i-nitric oxide, iglucagon, i-atrial natriuretic peptide, i-endotoxin, kunye ne-Calcium gene-related peptides ayinakwenziwa ukuba ingasebenzi. isibindi, ebangela ukuba ibhedi ye-vascular systemic ivuleke; isixa esikhulu se-peritoneal fluid sinokubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwengcinezelo ye-intra-esiswini, enokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwezintso, ngakumbi i-renal cortex hypoperfusion, ekhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwezintso.
I-80% yezigulane ezinesifo esihamba ngokukhawuleza zifa malunga neeveki ezi-2. Uhlobo oluhamba kancinci luxhaphake kakhulu eklinikhi, lusoloko lubonisa ukuphuphuma kwesisu esichasayo kunye nekhosi ecothayo yokusilela kwezintso.
27. Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Ngokusekelwe kwi-cirrhosis yesibindi, emva kokungabandakanyi izifo eziphambili ze-cardiopulmonary, i-dyspnea kunye neempawu ze-hypoxia ezifana ne-cyanosis kunye ne-clubbing yeminwe (iinzwane) zivela, ezinxulumene ne-intrapulmonary vasodilation kunye ne-arterial blood oxygenation dysfunction, kunye ne-prognosis imbi.
28.Mirizzi syndrome
Intamo ye-Gallbladder okanye i-cystic duct impaction stone, okanye idibene nokuvuvukala kwe-gallbladder, uxinzelelo
Kwenzeka ngokunyanzeliswa okanye ukuchaphazela umgudu oqhelekileyo we-hepatic, obangela ukwanda kwezicubu ezijikelezayo, ukuvuvukala okanye i-stenosis ye-hepatic duct eqhelekileyo, kwaye ibonakaliswe kliniki njengoluhlu lwee-syndromes zeklinikhi ezibonakaliswa yi-jaundice ephazamisayo, i-biliary colic okanye i-cholangitis.
Isiseko se-anatomical sokubunjwa kwayo kukuba i-cystic duct kunye ne-hepatic duct eqhelekileyo zide kakhulu kunye okanye indawo yokudibanisa i-cystic duct kunye ne-hepatic duct eqhelekileyo iphantsi kakhulu.
29.Budd-Chiari syndrome
I-Budd-Chiari syndrome, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Budd-Chiari syndrome, ibhekisela kwiqela le-portal hypertension okanye i-portal kunye ne-inferior vena cava hypertension ebangelwa ukuvaleka kwe-hepatic vein okanye i-inferior vena cava ngaphezu kokuvula kwayo. isifo.
30.Isifo seCaroli
I-Congenital cystic dilation ye-intrahepatic bile ducts. Indlela yokusebenza ayicacanga. Inokufana ne-choledochal cyst. Isiganeko se-cholangiocarcinoma sikhulu kunoluntu jikelele. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zeklinikhi yi-hepatomegaly kunye neentlungu zesisu, ubukhulu becala njenge-biliary colic, entsonkothileyo sisifo se-bacterial bile duct. Umkhuhlane kunye ne-jaundice ephakathi kwenzeka ngexesha lokuvuvukala, kwaye iqondo le-jaundice ngokuqhelekileyo lincinci.
31. I-Puborectal syndrome
Kukuphazamiseka kwe-defecation okubangelwa ukuvaleka kwe-pelvic floor outlet ngenxa ye-spasm okanye i-hypertrophy ye-puborectalis muscle.
32. I-Pelvic floor syndrome
Ibhekisela kwiqela le-syndromes ezibangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-neuromuscular kwizakhiwo zomgangatho we-pelvic kuquka i-rectum, i-levator ani muscle, kunye ne-anal sphincter yangaphandle. Iimpawu eziphambili zeklinikhi zinzima kwi-defecation okanye ukungazinzi, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-pelvic floor kunye nentlungu. Oku kungasebenzi ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanya ubunzima bokukhupha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukungazinzi kwe-fecal. Kwiimeko ezinzima, zibuhlungu kakhulu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-06-2024