Ngowama-2017, i-World Health Organisation yacebisa icebo"ukufunyanwa kwangethuba, ukuxilongwa kwangethuba, kunye nonyango kwangethuba", enzelwe ukukhumbuza uluntu ukuba lunike ingqalelo kwiimpawu kwangaphambili. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yemali yokwenyani yezonyango,la maqhinga mathathu abe yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela umhlaza.
Ngokwengxelo ethi "Global Cancer Report 2020" ekhutshwe yi-WHO, kuqikelelwa ukuba inani lee-cancer ezintsha kwihlabathi liphela liza kunyuka liye kwi-30.2 yezigidi ngo-2040 kwaye inani labafayo liza kufikelela kwi-16.3 yezigidi.
Ngowama-2020, kuza kubakho abantu abatsha abayi-19 lezigidi abanesifo somhlaza emhlabeni.Ngelo xesha, iintlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zomhlaza ezazinenani elikhulu lomhlaza emhlabeni zezi: umhlaza webele (22.61 yezigidi), umhlaza wemiphunga (2.206 yezigidi), umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu (19.31 yezigidi), kunye nomhlaza wesisu wawubekwe kwindawo yesihlanu nge-10.89 yezigidi,kwinani leemhlaza ezintsha, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kunye nomhlaza wesisu zibangele i-15.8% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezintsha.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, indlela yeManhua ibhekisa ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya emnyango we-rainbow, equka umphimbo, isisu, amathumbu amancinci, amathumbu amakhulu (i-cecum, i-appendix, i-colon, i-rectum kunye nomjelo we-anal), isibindi, i-pancreas, njl.njl., kunye ne-colorectum kwi-cancer entsha kwihlabathi liphela. Umhlaza kunye nomhlaza wesisu zombini zezo ziyinxalenye yendlela yokugaya ukutya, ngoko ke umhlaza onxulumene nendlela yokugaya ukutya nawo kufuneka uqwalaselwe kwaye icebo "lesithathu lokuqala" kufuneka liphunyezwe.
Ngowama-2020, inani lamatyala amatsha omhlaza kwilizwe lam nalo lifikelele kwi-4.5 yezigidi, kwaye inani lababhubhileyo ngenxa yomhlaza lalizizigidi ezi-3.Abantu abamalunga ne-15,000 bafunyanwa benomhlaza yonke imihla, kwaye abantu abayi-10.4 bafunyanwa benomhlaza rhoqo ngomzuzu. Owesihlanu ngumhlaza wemiphunga.(ebandakanya i-17.9% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezintsha),umhlaza we-colorectal (12.2%), umhlaza wesisu (10.5%),umhlaza webele (9.1%), kunye nomhlaza wesibindi (9%). Phakathi komhlaza ontlanu ophezulu kuphela,Umhlaza wesisu ubangele i-31.7% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezintsha.Kuyabonakala ukuba kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo engakumbi ekufumaneni nasekuthinteleni umhlaza wokugaya ukutya.
Okulandelayo luhlelo luka-2020 (uphando olukhethekileyo kunye nengcebiso yokuthintela isifo seChang Beihui sabantu) olubandakanya isicwangciso sokuthintela iintlungu zokugaya ukutya kunye nokuhlolwa:
Umhlaza weColoral
1. Abantu abangenazo iimpawu ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-1.45 ubudala;
2. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-240 abaneempawu ze-anorectal iiveki ezimbini":
3.Izigulane ezine-ulcerative colitis ixesha elide;
Abantu abayi-4.4 emva kotyando lomhlaza we-colorectal;
5. Inani labantu emva konyango lwe-adenoma ye-colorectal;
6. Izalamane ezisondeleyo ezinembali yosapho yomhlaza we-colorectal
7. Izalamane ezisondeleyo zezigulana ezifunyaniswe zinomhlaza we-colorectal ozuzwe njengelifa ezineminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ubudala
1. Iintlanganiso zoHlolo "lwaBantu abaBanzi" 1-5:
(1) Uvavanyo lomhlaza wesisu luqala xa umntu eneminyaka engama-45 ubudala, nokuba yindoda okanye ngumfazi, igazi lendle (FOBT) lifunyanwa kanye ngonyaka.
I-Colonoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-75;
(2) Abo baneminyaka engama-76-85 ubudala, abasempilweni entle, kunye nabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 ubudala, banokuqhubeka nokugcina ukuhombisa.
2 Ngokuhambelana "nophando lwezonyango lwamalungu osapho asondeleyo anembali yosapho yomhlaza we-colorectal:
(1) Isihlobo esinye senqanaba lokuqala esine-adenoma okanye iintlungu ezicacileyo (ubudala bokuqala bungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), 2
Izalamane ezikwinqanaba lokuqala nangaphezulu ezine-adenoma okanye umhlaza okwinqanaba eliphezulu (nakweyiphi na iminyaka yokuqala), ziqala zineminyaka engama-40 (okanye ziqala zineminyaka eli-10 zingaphantsi kweminyaka yokuqala kwelungu losapho elincinci), uhlolo lwe-FOBT kanye ngonyaka, kanye kwiminyaka emi-5 iColonoscopy;
(2) Abantu abasengozini enkulu abanembali yosapho yezalamane ezikwinqanaba lokuqala (omnye kuphela, kwaye ubudala bokuqala bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala):
Qala ukuvavanya xa uneminyaka engama-40, ngovavanyo lwe-FOBT rhoqo ngonyaka kunye ne-colonoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi. 3 Ukuhlolwa kwamalungu osapho "omhlaza we-colorectal ozuzwe njengelifa" intlanganiso 7;
Kumalungu osapho lwezigulane ezine-FAP kunye ne-HNPCC, uvavanyo lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo luyacetyiswa xa utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwimeko yokuqala kusapho lucacile.
(1) Kwabo banovavanyo lokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo oluqinisekileyo, emva kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, kufuneka kwenziwe i-colonoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-1-2; (2) Kwabo banovavanyo lokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo olunegative, uluntu ngokubanzi kufuneka luhlolwe. 4 Iindlela ezicetyiswayo zokujonga:
(1) Uvavanyo lwe-FOBT + uphando oluphakathi komthamo yeyona ndlela iphambili yophando lwe-Han, kwaye ubungqina banele:
(2) Ukufunyanwa kwegazi kwiijini ezininzi kunokunceda ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokubala, kwaye ixabiso libiza kakhulu; (3) Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, ukuvavanywa kungenziwa ngokuhlanganisa indlela yokuhlanjwa kwendle kunye negazi.
1. Ukuzilolonga kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kweethumba, kulandele ubunkokeli bezemidlalo, kwaye kuqubhe ukuze kuthintelwe ukutyeba kakhulu;
2. Ukutya okunempilo kwengqondo, ukwandisa ukutya i-crude fiber kunye neziqhamo ezintsha, kwaye uphephe ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi kunye neeproteni ezininzi;
3 Amayeza angengomzimba okulwa nokuvuvukala kunye nomhlaza anokunceda ekuthinteleni umhlaza wamathumbu. Abantu abadala banokuzama i-aspirin enesilinganiselo esiphantsi, enokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu. Nxibelelana nogqirha ukuze ufumane ukusetyenziswa okuthile.
5.Nciphisa ukutshaya ukuze uphephe ubuthi bayo bexesha elide kunye nokukhuthaza ukudumba kwiQinghua Dao.
Umhlaza Wesisu
Nabani na onenye yezi meko zilandelayo ungumntu osengozini enkulu;
1. Uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala;
2 I-gastritis engapheliyo nephakathi kwaye inzima;
3. Isilonda sesisu esingapheliyo;
4. Iipolyps zesisu;
5. Uphawu olukhulu lokugoba kwesisu;
6. Isisu esisele emva kotyando ngenxa yezifo ezingengobungozi;
7. Isisu esisele emva kotyando lomhlaza wesisu (iinyanga ezi-6-12 emva kotyando);
8. Usulelo lweHelicobacter pylori;
9. Imbali ecacileyo yosapho yomhlaza wesisu okanye womqala;
10. I-anemia eyingozi:
11. I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), imbali yosapho ye-inherent non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).
Ubudala obungaphezulu kwama-40 eminyaka ubudala kunye neentlungu zesisu, ukudumba kwesisu, ukuphinda kwe-asidi, isitshiso sentliziyo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokungakhululeki epigastric, kunye ne-gastritis engapheliyo, i-gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia, i-gastric polyps, isisu esiseleyo, uphawu olukhulu lokugoba kwesisu, isilonda sesisu esingapheliyo kunye ne-gastric epithelial atypia I-Hyperplasia kunye nezinye izilonda kunye nezinto ezinembali yosapho yeethumba kufuneka zenze i-gastroscopy rhoqo ngokweengcebiso zikagqirha.
1. Misela imikhwa yokutya esempilweni kunye nolwakhiwo lwendlela yokutya, ungatyi kakhulu;
2. Ukususwa kosulelo lweHelicobacter pylori;
3. Nciphisa ukutya okubandayo, okuneziqholo, okushushu kakhulu, nokuqinileyo, kunye nokutya okunetyuwa eninzi njengokutshaya nokufakwe kwi-pickle
4. Yeka ukutshaya;
5. Sela utywala obuqinileyo kancinci okanye ungabuseli;
6. Phumla kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo
Umhlaza wesisu
Ubudala obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala kwaye uhlangabezana nazo naziphi na ezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko:
1. Ukusuka kwindawo enesifo somhlaza womqala kwilizwe lam (indawo exineneyo yomhlaza womqala kwilizwe lam ikwiphondo laseHebei, eHenan naseShanxi emazantsi eNtaba iTaihang, ingakumbi kwiSithili saseCixian, eQinling, eDabie Mountain, emantla eSichuan, eFujian, eGuangdong, emantla eJiangsu, eXinjiang, njl.njl. umhlaba kunye nezibini eziphilayo zigxile kwiindawo ezinesifo somqala);
2. Iimpawu zesisu eziphezulu, ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, ukurhawuzelelwa yi-asidi, ukungatyi kakuhle nezinye iimpawu;
3. Imbali yosapho enentlungu yomqala:
4. Uhlushwa sisifo somqala esingaphambi komhlaza okanye izilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza:
5. Unezizathu eziphezulu zokuba nomhlaza womqala ezifana nokutshaya, ukusela kakhulu, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukuthanda ukutya okushushu, i-squamous cell carcinoma yentloko nentamo okanye indlela yokuphefumla;
6. Uhlushwa sisifo se-periesophageal reflux (CERD);
7. Usulelo lwe-Human papillomavirus (HPV).
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza womqala:
1. I-endoscopy eqhelekileyo, kanye emva kweminyaka emibini;
2 I-Endoscopy eneziphumo ze-pathological ze-dysplasia encinci, i-endoscopy kanye ngonyaka;
3 I-Endoscopy eneziphumo ze-pathological ze-dysplasia ephakathi, i-endoscopy rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu
1. Musa ukutshaya okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya;
2. Utywala obuncinci okanye utywala obungenatywala;
3. Yitya ukutya okufanelekileyo, yitya iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha ngakumbi
4. Yandisa umthambo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni;
5. Musa ukutya ukutya okushushu okanye usele amanzi ashushu.
Umhlaza wesibindi
Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala nakweyiphi na yala maqela alandelayo:
1. Usulelo lwe-hepatitis B virus (HBV) olungapheliyo okanye usulelo lwe-hepatitis C virus (HCV) olungapheliyo;
2. Abo banembali yomhlaza wesibindi kusapho lwabo;
3. Izigulane ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa yi-schistosomiasis, utywala, i-cirrhosis yesibindi esisiseko, njl.njl.;
4. Izigulana ezonakeleyo kwisibindi ngenxa yamayeza;
5. Izigulane ezinezifo ze-metabolic ezizuzwe njengelifa, eziquka: i-hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin deficiency, isifo sokugcina i-glycogen, i-delayed cutaneous porphyria, i-tyrosinemia, njl.njl.;
6. Izigulana ezine-hepatitis yokuzikhusela komzimba;
7. Izigulane zesifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenatywala (NAFLD)
1. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala kunye nabafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala abanomngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza wesibindi kufuneka baphandwe;
2. Ukusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kwe-serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kunye ne-liver B-ultrasound, ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6
1. Ugonyo lweHepatitis B;
2. Izigulana ezine-hepatitis engapheliyo kufuneka zifumane unyango lwe-antiviral ngokukhawuleza ukuze kulawulwe ukuphindaphinda kwe-hepatitis.
3. Yeka okanye yeka ukusebenzisa utywala;
4. Yitya ukutya okulula kwaye unciphise ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi
5. Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okunobume.
Umhlaza wePancreatic
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ingakumbi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, abanenye yezi zinto zilandelayo (into yesithandathu ayinyusi umngcipheko womhlaza wepancreatic, kodwa uvavanyo ngokubanzi alwenziwa):
1. Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wepancreatic kunye nesifo seswekile;
2. Kukho imbali yokutya ixesha elide ukutshaya, ukusela utywala, ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi kunye nokutya okuneproteni eninzi;
3. Ukugcwala kwesisu esiphakathi nesingaphezulu, ukungakhululeki, iintlungu zesisu ezingenasizathu sicacileyo, kunye neempawu ezinje ngokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukudinwa, urhudo, ukwehla kobunzima, iintlungu ezisezantsi komqolo, njl.njl.;
4. Iziqendu eziphindaphindwayo ze-pancreatitis engapheliyo, ingakumbi i-pancreatitis engapheliyo enamatye e-pancreatic duct, i-main pancreatic duct-type mucinous papilloma, i-mucinous cystic adenoma, kunye ne-solid pseudopapillary tumor, ene-serum ephezulu ye-CA19-9;
5. Ukuqala ngequbuliso kwesifo seswekile ngaphandle kwembali yosapho;
6. I-Helicobacter pylori (HP) positive, imbali ye-oral periodontitis, i-PJ syndrome, njl.njl.
1. Abantu abakhankanywe apha ngasentla bahlolwa ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lweempawu zethumba ezifana ne-CA19-9, i-CA125 CEA, njl.njl., zidityaniswe ne-CT yesisu kunye ne-MRI, kwaye i-B-ultrasound nayo inokubonelela ngoncedo olufanelekileyo;
2. Uvavanyo lwe-CT okanye lwe-MR kanye ngonyaka kubantu abakhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ingakumbi abo banembali yosapho kunye nezilonda zepancreas ezikhoyo
1. Yeka ukutshaya nokulawula utywala;
2. Khuthaza ukutya okulula, okucothayo nokunamafutha aphantsi;
3. Yitya iinkukhu, iintlanzi kunye neeshrimp ezininzi, kwaye ukhuthaze ukutyiwa kwemifuno yeentyatyambo "+", efana nekhaphetshu eluhlaza, ikhaphetshu, iradish, ibroccoli, njl.njl.;
4. Khuthaza imisebenzi yangaphandle ye-aerobics
5. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kwezilonda ezingengobungozi, abo banamatye e-pancreatic duct, i-intraductal mucinous papilloma kunye ne-cystic adenoma okanye ezinye izilonda ze-pancreatic ezingengobungozi kufuneka bafune uncedo lwezonyango kwangethuba.
Thina, Jiangxi Zhuoruihua Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd., singumvelisi eTshayina ogxile kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ze-endoscopic, ezifanai-biopsy forceps, i-hemoclip, i-polyp snare, inaliti ye-sclerotherapy, i-spray catheter, iibhrashi ze-cytology, i-guidewire, i-stone retrieval basket, i-nasal biliary drainage catheter njl.ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-EMR, ESD, ERCP. Iimveliso zethu ziqinisekisiwe yi-CE, kwaye izityalo zethu ziqinisekisiwe yi-ISO. Iimpahla zethu zithunyelwe eYurophu, eMntla Melika, eMbindi Mpuma nakwinxalenye ye-Asia, kwaye zifumana umthengi udumo nodumo!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-09-2022