Kwi-2017, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ucebise isicwangciso se"ukufunyanwa kwangoko, ukuxilongwa kwangoko, kunye nonyango lwakwangoko", ejoliswe ukukhumbuza uluntu ukuba lunikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu kwangaphambili.Emva kweminyaka yemali yokwenyani yeklinikhi,ezi zicwangciso zintathu ziye zaba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela umhlaza.
Ngokwengxelo ethi "Global Cancer Report 2020" ekhutshwe yiWHO, kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labantu abatsha bomhlaza kwihlabathi liphela liza kunyuka liye kutsho kwi-30.2 yezigidi ngo-2040 kwaye inani labantu ababhubhileyo liza kufikelela kwi-16.3 yezigidi.
Ngo-2020, kuya kubakho i-19 yezigidi zomhlaza omtsha kwihlabathi.Ngelo xesha, oomhlaza abathathu abakhulu abanelona nani likhulu lemihlaza emhlabeni ngala: umhlaza wamabele (22.61 yezigidi), umhlaza wemiphunga (2.206 yezigidi), colon (19.31 yezigidi), kunye nomhlaza wesisu ukwindawo yesihlanu nge-10.89 yezigidi,kwinani lemihlaza emitsha, umhlaza wekoloni kunye nomhlaza wesisu ubalelwa kwi-15.8% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza.
Njengoko sonke siyazi, iphecana le-Manhua libhekisela emlonyeni ukuya kumnyango we-rainbow, ebandakanya i-esophagus, isisu, amathumbu amancinci, amathumbu amakhulu (i-cecum, i-appendix, i-colon, i-rectum kunye ne-anal anal), isibindi, i-pancreas, njl. kunye ne-colorectum kwimihlaza emitsha kwihlabathi jikelele Umhlaza kunye nomhlaza wesisu zombini zezomgudu wokugaya ukutya, ngoko ke ii-cancer ezinxulumene ne-digestive tract nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwaye isicwangciso "esithathu kwangethuba" kufuneka siphunyezwe.
Ngo-2020, inani lamatyala amatsha omhlaza kwilizwe lam nalo lafikelela kwi-4.5 yezigidi, kwaye inani lokufa komhlaza lalizizigidi ezi-3.Umyinge wabantu abangama-15,000 bafunyaniswa benomhlaza yonke imihla, kwaye abantu abali-10.4 bafunyaniswa benomhlaza ngomzuzu ngamnye.Eyesihlanu ngumhlaza wemiphunga(ibalelwa kwi-17.9% yazo zonke ii-cancer ezintsha),umhlaza wesisu (12.2%), umhlaza wesisu (10.5%),umhlaza webele (9.1%), kunye nomhlaza wesibindi (9%).Phakathi kwabahlanu abaphezulu bomhlaza kuphela,imihlaza yesisu ibalelwa kwi-31.7% yawo yonke imihlaza emitsha.Kungabonwa ukuba kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi ekubhaqweni nasekuthinteleni umhlaza womgudu wokugaya ukutya.
Oku kulandelayo lushicilelo luka-2020 (uphando olukhethekileyo kunye nengcebiso yothintelo ye-Chang Beihui tumor) ebandakanya uthintelo lwentlungu yokugaya kunye nesicwangciso sokuhlola:
Umhlaza wesisu
Abantu aba-1.Asymptomatic ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-1.45 ubudala;
2.Abantu abangaphezu kwama-240 abaneempawu ze-anorectal kwiiveki ezimbini":
3.Izigulane ezine-ulcerative colitis ixesha elide;
Abantu abangama-4.4 emva kotyando lomhlaza womhlaza;
5. Abemi emva kokunyangwa kwe-colorectal adenoma;
6. Izalamane ezisondeleyo ezinembali yentsapho yomhlaza wesisu
7. Izalamane ezisondeleyo zabaguli abafunyaniswa benomhlaza womhlaza wesisu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala.
1. "Abemi ngokubanzi" Uvavanyo Udibana 1-5:
(1) Ukuhlolwa komhlaza wesikhumba kuqala kwiminyaka engama-45 ubudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa, igazi lobugqi (FOBT) lifunyanwa kanye ngonyaka.
I-Colonoscopy yonke iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-75;
(2) Abo baneminyaka eyi-76-85, abasempilweni, kunye nabo baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, banokuqhubeka nokugcina umhlobiso.
2 Ngokuhambelana "nophando lweklinikhi lwamalungu osapho asondeleyo anembali yosapho yomhlaza wesisu:
(1) I-1 isihlobo sokuqala esine-adenoma ephezulu okanye intlungu (iminyaka yobudala bokuqala ingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), i-2
Izizalwane zenqanaba lokuqala kunye nangaphezulu kunye ne-adenoma yenqanaba eliphezulu okanye umhlaza (nayiphi na iminyaka yobudala), ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-40 (okanye ukuqala kwiminyaka eyi-10 engaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala belungu losapho elincinane), uviwo lwe-FOBT kanye ngonyaka, kanye emva kweminyaka emi-5 Colonoscopy;
(2) Izifundo ezinobungozi obuphezulu kunye nembali yentsapho yezihlobo zokuqala (kuphela i-1, kwaye ubudala bokuqala bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala):
Qala ukujonga xa uneminyaka engama-40, ngovavanyo lwe-FOBT rhoqo ngonyaka kunye ne-colonoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi.3 Ukuhlolwa kwamalungu entsapho "yefa lomhlaza wesisu" intlanganiso yesi-7;
Kumalungu entsapho yezigulane ezine-FAP kunye ne-HNPCC, uvavanyo lokuguqulwa kofuzo luyacetyiswa xa ukuguqulwa kofuzo kwimeko yokuqala kwintsapho kucacile.
(1) Kwabo banovavanyo olulungileyo lokuguqula imfuza, emva kweminyaka engama-20, i-colonoscopy kufuneka yenziwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2;(2) Kwabo banovavanyo lwe-negative mutation test, uluntu jikelele kufuneka luhlolwe.4 Iindlela ezicetyiswayo zokujonga:
(1) Uvavanyo lwe-FOBT + uphando oluphakathi komthamo yeyona ndlela iphambili yophando lweHan, kwaye ubungqina banele:
(2) Ukubona imizila yegazi ekujoliswe kuyo kwizinto ezininzi kusenokunceda ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kobalo, yaye ixabiso ngokwentelekiso liyabiza;(3) Ukuba iimeko zivumela, ukuhlolwa kunokwenziwa ngokudibanisa isitulo kunye neendlela zegazi.
1. Ukuzivocavoca kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzeka kwamathumba, ukuthobela ubunkokeli bezemidlalo, kunye nokuqubha ukuphepha ukutyeba;
2. Ukutya okunempilo kwengqondo, ukwandisa ukungena kwe-fiber ekrwada kunye neziqhamo ezitsha, kwaye ugweme ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kunye neeprotheni;
3 Amachiza angengowomzimba achasene nokudumba kunye nawomhlaza anokusebenza ekuthinteleni umhlaza wamathumbu.Abantu abadala banokuzama i-aspirin yedosi ephantsi, enokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo kunye ne-cerebrovascular kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu.Qhagamshelana nogqirha malunga nokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo.
I-5.Nciphisa ukutshaya ukuphepha ubuthi bayo bexesha elide kunye nokuvuselela ukuvuvukala kwi-Qinghua Dao.
Umhlaza Wesisu
Nabani na onomnye wale miqathango ilandelayo uyinto enobungozi obuphezulu;
1. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala;
I-2 ye-atrophic gastritis ephakathi kunye nobunzima;
3. Isilonda esiswini esingapheliyo;
4. Iipolyps zesisu;
5. Uphawu olukhulu lwe-mucosa yesisu;
6. Isisu se-postoperative residual kwizifo ezinobungozi;
7. Isisu esishiyekileyo emva kokuhlinzwa komhlaza wesisu (iinyanga ezi-6-12 emva kokuhlinzwa);
8. Usulelo lweHelicobacter pylori;
9. Imbali yentsapho ecacileyo yomhlaza wesisu okanye we-esophageal;
10. Ianemia eyingozi:
11. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) imbali yosapho.
Ubudala> Iminyaka engama-40 ubudala kunye neentlungu zesisu, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ukuphindaphinda kwe-asidi, ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokungakhululeki kwe-epigastric, kunye ne-gastritis engapheliyo, i-gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia, i-polyps yesisu, isisu esishiyekileyo, isibonakaliso esikhulu sesisu, isilonda esingapheliyo sesisu kunye ne-epitheli yesisu. I-Hyperplasia kunye nezinye izilonda kunye nezinto ezinembali yentsapho yamathumba kufuneka ziqhube i-gastroscopy rhoqo ngokweengcebiso zogqirha.
1. Misela indlela yokutya enempilo kunye nesakhiwo sokutya, kungekhona ukugqithisa;
2. Ukupheliswa kosulelo lwe-Helicobacter pylori;
3. Nciphisa ukutya okubandayo, okuneziqholo, okushushu, kunye nokutya okuqinileyo, kunye nokutya okunetyuwa eninzi okufana nomsi kunye nokuvuthwa.
4. Yeka ukutshaya;
5. Sela utywala obuqinileyo okanye obuncinci;
6. Relax kwaye decompress ngokufanelekileyo
Umhlaza wommizo
Ubudala> 40 iminyaka ubudala kwaye ukuhlangabezana nayiphi na imingcipheko zilandelayo:
1. Ukusuka kwindawo eneziganeko eziphezulu zomhlaza we-esophageal kwilizwe lam (eyona ndawo ixineneyo yomhlaza wommizo kwilizwe lam ikwiphondo laseHebei, iHenan kunye neShanxi kumazantsi eNtaba yeTaihang, ngakumbi kwiCixian County, eQinling, kwiNtaba yeDabie, emantla eSichuan, eFujian, eGuangdong, emantla eJiangsu, eXinjiang, njl.
2. Iimpawu eziphezulu zesisu, ezifana ne-nausea, ukuhlanza, intlungu yesisu, i-acid regurgitation, ukutya ukuphazamiseka kunye nezinye iimpawu;
3. Imbali yosapho yeentlungu zommizo:
4. Uphethwe sisifo sommizo okanye izilonda ezinomhlaza:
5. Yiba nemingcipheko ephezulu yomhlaza wommizo njengokutshaya, ukusela kakhulu, ukutyeba, ukuthanda ukutya okutshisayo, i-squamous cell carcinoma yentloko nentamo okanye umgudu wokuphefumula;
6. Ukubandezeleka kwi-perisophageal reflux disease (CERD);
7. Usulelo lwe-Human papillomavirus (HPV).
Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wommizo:
1. I-endoscopy eqhelekileyo, kanye emva kweminyaka emibini;
I-2 Endoscopy eneziphumo ze-pathological ze-dysplasia epholileyo, i-endoscopy kanye ngonyaka;
3 I-Endoscopy eneziphumo ze-pathological ze-dysplasia ephakathi, i-endoscopy rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu
1. Musa ukutshaya okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya;
2. Intwana yotywala okanye ubungekho utywala;
3. Yitya ukutya okunengqiqo, utye iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha
4. Phucula umthambo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni;
5. Musa ukutya ukutya okushushu okanye usele amanzi ashushu.
Umhlaza wesibindi
Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 nakweliphi na lala maqela alandelayo:
1. Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis B engapheliyo (HBV) okanye intsholongwane ye-hepatitis C engapheliyo (HCV);
2. Abo banembali yosapho lomhlaza wesibindi;
3. Izigulane ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi ezibangelwa yi-schistosomiasis, utywala, i-primary biliary cirrhosis, njl.;
4. Izigulane ezinomonakalo wesibindi owenziwe ngamachiza;
5. Izigulane ezinezifo ze-metabolic ezizuzwe njengelifa, kubandakanywa: i-hemochromatosis a-1 i-antitrypsin yokusilela, isifo sokugcinwa kwe-glycogen, ukulibaziseka kwe-cutaneous porphyria, i-tyrosinemia, njl.;
6. Izigulane ezine-autoimmune hepatitis;
7. Izifo zesibindi ezinamafutha angenalo utywala (NAFLD) izigulane
1. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala abasengozini enkulu yomhlaza wesibindi kufuneka baphandwe;
2. Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kunye ne-B-ultrasound yesibindi, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6
1. Ugonyo lweHepatitis B;
2. Izigulane ezine-hepatitis engapheliyo kufuneka zifumane unyango lwe-antiviral ngokukhawuleza ukulawula ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis.
3. Yeka okanye unciphise ukusela utywala;
4. Yitya ukutya okulula kwaye unciphise ukutya okunamafutha
5. Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okungundayo.
Umhlaza wePancreatic
Abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40, ngakumbi abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, nayo nayiphi na enye yezi zinto zilandelayo (into yesithandathu ayinyusi umngcipheko womhlaza wepancreatic, kodwa uvavanyo alukwenziwanga ngokubanzi):
1. Imbali yentsapho yomhlaza we-pancreatic kunye nesifo sikashukela;
2. Kukho imbali yokutshaya ixesha elide, ukusela, ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kunye neprotheyini ephezulu;
3. Ukugcwala kwesisu esiphakathi nangaphezulu, ukungahambi kakuhle, intlungu yesisu ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, kunye neempawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngumdla, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo, ukulahleka kwesisindo, intlungu ephantsi, njl.;
4. Iziqendu eziphindaphindiweyo ze-pancreatitis engapheliyo, ngokukodwa i-pancreatitis engapheliyo kunye namatye e-pancreatic duct, i-papilloma engundoqo ye-pancreatic duct-type mucinous, i-mucinous cystic adenoma, kunye ne-tumor eqinile ye-pseudopapillary, ene-serum ephakamileyo ye-CA19-9;
5. Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kwembali yentsapho;
6. I-Helicobacter pylori (HP) i-positive, imbali ye-oral periodontitis, i-PJ syndrome, njl.
1. Ezi zifundo zikhankanywe ngasentla zihlolwe ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lwabamakishi be-tumor njenge-CA19-9, CA125 CEA, njl., Idibaniswe ne-CT yesisu kunye ne-MRI, kunye ne-B-ultrasound inokubonelela ngoncedo oluhambelanayo;
2. Uviwo lwe-CT okanye lwe-MR kanye ngonyaka kwaba bantu bakhankanywe ngasentla, ngakumbi abo banembali yentsapho kunye nezilonda ezikhoyo ze-pancreatic.
1. Yeka ukutshaya nokulawula utywala;
2. Ukukhuthaza ukutya okulula, okutyekayo, okunamafutha aphantsi;
3. Yidla iinkukhu ezininzi, intlanzi kunye ne-shrimp, kwaye ukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwemifuno "+" yeentyatyambo, ezifana neklabishi eluhlaza, iklabishi, i-radish, i-broccoli, njl.;
4. Ukukhuthaza imisebenzi ye-aerobic yangaphandle
5. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuwohloka kwezilonda ze-benign, abo banamatye e-pancreatic duct, i-intraductal mucinous papilloma kunye ne-cystic adenoma okanye ezinye izilonda ze-pancreatic benign kufuneka zifune unyango ngexesha.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2022